Typically the base which is bolted into a huge concrete pad provides the crucial support for a tower crane. The base is attached to a mast or a tower and stabilizes the crane that is attached to the inside of the building's structure. Normally, this attachment point is to an elevator shaft or to a concrete lift.
The mast of the crane is normally a triangulated lattice structure which measures 0.9m2 or 10 feet square. Connected to the very top of the mast is the slewing unit. The slewing unit is made of a motor and a gear that enable the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet. The tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is 16,642 kilograms or 39,690 lbs. with counter weights of 20 tons. Moreover, two limit switches are utilized to be able to make certain that the operator does not overload the crane. There is even another safety feature known as a load moment switch to make sure that the driver does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 70 meters or 230 feet.
Because of their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure would at first have to be transported to the construction site by utilizing a big tractor-trailer rig setup. After that, a mobile crane is used so as to assemble the equipment portion of the crane and the jib. These parts are then connected to the mast. The mobile crane then adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts can be some of the other industrial machines which is typically used to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane when the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane is able to match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is called a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit could detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an additional 20 feet or 6.1m. After that, the crane operator uses the crane to insert and bolt into position one more mast part piece.